Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) - Luxembourg (2002)

Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) z Luxembourg (2002)

	French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002)	Luxembourg (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US	3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 18.9% (male 43,634; female 41,164) 15-64 years: 67% (male 151,364; female 149,156) 65 years and over: 14.1% (male 25,486; female 37,765) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; livestock products
Airports	none (2001)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 7,829 sq km land: 7,829 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US	total: 2,586 sq km land: 2,586 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware	slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background	The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.	Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union) and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.
Birth rate	-	12.06 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $5.5 billion expenditures: $5.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $760 million $NA (2002 est.)
Capital	-	Luxembourg
Climate	antarctic	modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Coastline	1,232 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	17 October 1868, occasional revisions
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises	conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg
Currency	-	euro (EUR); Luxembourg franc (LUF) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Death rate	-	8.83 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Francois GARDE (since 24 May 2000), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA)	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Peter TERPELUK, Jr. embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail) telephone: [352] 46 01 23 FAX: [352] 46 14 01
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Arlette CONZEMIUS-PACCOURD chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171 FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270 consulate(s) general: New York and San Francisco
Disputes - international	"Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US	none
Economic aid - donor	-	ODA, $160 million (1999)
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.	This stable, high-income economy features solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 22% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings. Agriculture is based on small family-owned farms. The economy depends on foreign and trans-border workers for 30% of its labor force. Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, has suffered from the global economic slump, the country has maintained a fairly strong growth rate.
Electricity - consumption	-	6.158 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	735 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	6.458 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	467.7 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 58% hydro: 26% nuclear: 0% other: 17% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m	lowest point: Moselle River 133 m highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m
Environment - current issues	NA	air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups	-	Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kososvo) and European (guest and resident workers)
Exchange rates	-	euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Luxembourg francs per US dollar - 34.77 (January 1999), 36.299 (1998), 35.774 (1997)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981) head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 1 January 1995) and Vice Prime Minister Lydie POLFER (since 7 August 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies note: government coalition - CSV and DP
Exports	-	$7.85 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	-	machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
Exports - partners	-	EU 84.7% (Germany 24.6%, France 19.6%, Belgium 12.3%), US 3.5% (2001)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of France is used	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $20 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 1% industry: 30% services: 69% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $44,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2.3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	43 00 S, 67 00 E	49 45 N, 6 10 E
Geography - note	islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean	landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world, it is the smallest of the European Union member states
Heliports	-	1 (2002)
Highways	-	total: 5,166 km paved: 5,166 km (including 118 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$10.25 billion c.i.f. (2000)
Imports - commodities	-	minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
Imports - partners	-	EU 86.7% (Belgium 34.3%, Germany 25.1%, France 12.8%), US 5.8% (2001)
Independence	-	1839 (from the Netherlands)
Industrial production growth rate	-	2% (2002 est.)
Industries	-	banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum
Infant mortality rate	-	4.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1.6% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	8 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	40 sq km (includes Belgium) (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch
Labor force	-	262,300 (of whom 87,400 are foreign cross-border workers primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	-	services 90%, industry 8%, agriculture 2% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 359 km border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (includes Belgium) (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
Legal system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply	based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 13 June 1999 (next to be held by June 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 29.79%, DP 21.58%, LSAP 23.75%, ADR 10.36%, Green Party 9.09%, the Left 3.77%; seats by party - CSV 19, DP 15, LSAP 13, ADR 6, Green Party 5, the Left 2 note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 77.48 years male: 74.2 years female: 80.97 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.)
Location	south of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"	Western Europe, between France and Germany
Map references	Antarctic Region	Europe
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM from Iles Kerguelen only territorial sea: 12 NM	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,815,472 GRT/4,806,161 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 5, chemical tanker 13, container 11, liquefied gas 7, petroleum tanker 19, roll on/roll off 11 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2, France 62, Japan 3, Monaco 1, Norway 5, Sweden 1 (2002 est.)	total: 60 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,487,752 GRT/2,123,579 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, chemical tanker 13, container 8, liquefied gas 19, passenger 4, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 6 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 21, Finland 3, France 8, Germany 10, Monaco 1, Netherlands 3, Norway 1, United Kingdom 9, United States 3 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	-	Army, Grand Ducal Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$147.8 million (FY01/02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.8% (FY01/02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 113,557 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 93,429 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 2,565 (2002 est.)
National holiday	-	National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June
Nationality	-	noun: Luxembourger(s) adjective: Luxembourg
Natural hazards	Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes	NA
Natural resources	fish, crayfish	iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
Net migration rate	-	9.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	-	petroleum products 48 km
Political parties and leaders	-	Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Robert MEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also as Christian Social Party or PCS) [Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES]; Democratic Party or DP [Lydie POLFER]; Green Party [Abbes JACOBY and Felix BRAS]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Jean ASSELBORN]; Marxist and Reformed Communist Party DEI LENK (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other minor parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); LCGP (center-right trade union); OGBL (center-left trade union)
Population	no indigenous inhabitants (July 2002 est.) note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January)	448,569 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	1.25% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Mertert
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
Radios	-	285,000 (1997)
Railways	-	total: 274 km standard gauge: 274 km 1.435-m gauge (242 km electrified) (2001)
Religions	-	the greatest preponderance of the population is Roman Catholic with a very few Protestants, Jews, and Muslims note: 1979 legislation forbids the collection of religious statistics
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	-	general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable international: 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	314,700 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	215,741 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	-	5 (1999)
Terrain	volcanic	mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Total fertility rate	-	1.7 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	4.1% (2002 est.)
Waterways	none	37 km (on the Moselle)

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